How to Punctuate with However

How to Punctuate with However How to Punctuate with â€Å"However† How to Punctuate with â€Å"However† By Mark Nichol However are you going to keep this information straight? The usage of punctuation with however may seem confusing; however, the distinctions are straightforward. However has several distinct uses. In all but one, it is an adverb a word that modifies a verb. One adverbial use is much more common and syntactically variable than the other: It can appear at any of several points in a sentence to signal that a counterpoint will follow. For example, after the sentence â€Å"My point was valid,† the following sentence might appear: â€Å"However, its significance was lost in the ensuing argument.† However can also be introduced after the subject of the sentence: â€Å"Its significance, however, was lost in the ensuing argument.† Alternatively, it can be appended to the end of the sentence as a tag: â€Å"Its significance was lost in the ensuing argument, however.† The two statements from the first paragraph could also be combined into one sentence: â€Å"My point was valid; however, its significance was lost in the ensuing argument.† (Here, too, however can be placed after the subject in the second independent clause or at the end of it.) Note that the semicolon takes the place of the period because these two statements are so closely related that they need not be segregated into separate sentences, but because however is an interjection, the comma following the word must be retained. Although one could write, following a sentence such as â€Å"He scoffed at my comment,† the statement â€Å"My point was valid, however,† a simple comma following however is incorrect if an independent clause follows. That is why â€Å"My point was valid, however, its significance was lost in the ensuing argument† is erroneous: However seems to refer to the first independent clause, but it is introducing the second one. None of the other uses of however, which are relatively rare, requires a comma: The other adverbial uses are as a synonym for â€Å"to whatever degree (or extent),† as in â€Å"I have been aware of that for however many years,† and as an intensifier equivalent to the expression â€Å"how in the world,† as in â€Å"However did you know I was going to say that?† The other use of however is as a conjunction. It can be a synonym for â€Å"no matter how,† as in â€Å"My point, however you look at it, is valid† or for â€Å"in whatever manner or way that,† as in â€Å"They will assist us however they can.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to KnowLatin Words and Expressions: All You Need to KnowUlterior and Alterior

How To Be Productive When You’re Unemployed

How To Be Productive When You’re Unemployed Being unemployed can be a scary thing. The freedom to sleep in and watch television is great, but the lack of financial security can be panic-inducing. No matter whether you quit or were laid off, here are some strategies for how to make the most of your transition time. 1. Dig DeepThe first key is to understand what went wrong at your last job. Be as honest with yourself as possible. Was it the job, or was it you? Whether you left of your own accord or not, think about why you had to leave without a back-up plan in place, and what you can do to prevent such a situation in the future. This will help you clarify what you want most now, and how to get there and stay put. It will also help you understand your self better- from your unchallenged strengths to your unfortunate habits. Take a little time for stock-taking, soul-searching, and self-improvement.2. Find Your PassionWhat do you want to be when you grow up? What kind of work appeals to you and why? Where do you see yourself in fi ve years? What are you doing on a daily basis? What kind of company do you work for? Finding the answers to the questions of what drives you will only help you find a workplace that will keep you motivated and inspired.3. Prepare to ApplySpruce up your resume, check in with your network, jazz up your profiles, and keep up in the latest research and trends in your chosen field. Don’t get caught with a job application on your hands and nothing to show for your time off. Narrow your search platform, select the handful of companies you want to be working for, and start charging forward.4. Get a Temp GigIf you need cash, join a temp agency. It’s not a permanent solution, but sometimes it can lead to one. And besides, you’ll make a little extra money and stay in the game. You can also find online freelance work and stay afloat by working remotely.5. Do Something ElseUse your time to volunteer, or take a course, or learn a new skill. You may never have time like this a gain in your career. Use it wisely and you’ll be in a much better position when you meet your next opportunity.6. Be PatientFinding a job doesn’t happen overnight. Keep track of your progress, however incremental. Celebrate the small victories, the little tasks completed, and the new contacts made. Plan out your daily and weekly goals and chart your progress. Even if it feels like nothing is happening, you’ll still be able to see what you’ve accomplished.7. Be Good to YourselfSelf care is important. Make sure you’re being healthy- eating right, getting plenty of sleep, and exercising. Give yourself a wellness makeover. You’ll be that much more attractive to prospective employers when the time comes if you do. But also take some time to pamper yourself- indulge your hobbies and interests. Get a bit of joy under your belt. Do something each day that makes you feel good, that flexes your happiness muscle, so to speak.8. Keep to a SchedulePerhap s the most important bit of advice is to make sure you don’t fall victim to the amorphous lack of structure in an unemployed day. Make a daily schedule (when you research, job search, exercise, relax) and stick to it. This will help you build better habits- and keep them. And will keep your teeth sharp and workforce ready for when the time comes to rejoin the race.

B 777 Design and Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

B 777 Design and Development - Research Paper Example Aside from many technical innovations that have done, 777 recognize its uniqueness in the design and the effort. Boeing 777 is pre-assembled and the first 100% digitally designed. It was built in the concept of â€Å"Working Together† and this philosophy made it possible for the company to make 240 designs. The whole team comprises the design team, manufacturing, and the supplier personnel. Building which includes the designing of a new commercial jet liner takes a lot of time and patience. The process take around five years or more than and sometimes even decades. It is very important that this kind of project be documented especially if the specific project is the first of its kind. Outlines Abstract Issues Innovations 777-200LR 777-300ER Decisions about 777 Characteristics and Variants of 777 Deliveries of 777 Accidents of 777 Productions Financial Analysis Final Analysis References Background Model 777 is the first jetliner for more than a decade among the Boeing airplane to be designed using three-dimensional graphics digitally in the computer. An investment of 10$ billion in the development of the 777 is spend by the company. In October 1990, the 777 program was launched through the Chief Executive Officer, Mr. frank Shorts. From the beginning order of the United Airlines, in June 1995, United Airlines flew its first ever 777 profit service. The demand of the market determines 777 as the newest member of the twin-aisle family of Boeing. Features in the design of the airplane was offered like approaches to the development of the airlines and innovations which sets the quality standard of the value in the airlines delivery. The 777-300 authorize production by the Boeing Board of Directors is on June 26, 1995. It was July 1998 when the first delivery materialized to Cathay Pacific Airways in June 1998. Issues: Understand and learn from the designs and facts along the processes in the making Boeing 777. To have the knowledge and deeper understanding ab out the importance and profits of mutual designing in the group effort of many big companies in the process of the aircraft manufacturing. To have a deeper knowledge and appreciation on how modern technologies have been used in the making of Boeing 777. To get an understanding of the beneficial and amazing features of Boeing 777. Innovations The 777 has made improvement in its Interior flexibility, flight plan, distinguish design, airfoil technology and considered as the most spacious and the widest among its class. Its larger shipment and range capacity resulted to lesser operating expenses to airlines. The Boeing 777 is smaller comparing to the 747 nut it is much bigger comparing to either twin jet or even trijet in its class. The 777 aircraft is a double engine, economically advantageous to the medium and in the long-range markets. Some amazing features the 777 is offering in the 1990s are highly develop complex emppenage, advance and considered as the most powerful engines produ ced and used in a commercial airplane, an aerodynamically competent airfoil wing, joint digital data bus originally built for use of the 777, and the fly-by-wire (Global Secutity.org 2009). 777-200LR Pakistan International Airlines built the first 777_200LR (Long Range). When the 777-200LR, the C-marke2 model, entered the service in 2006 is the longest-range commercial airliner in the world. The aircraft is called by Boeing the world liner in

Law and Economics School of Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law and Economics School of Thought - Essay Example Morality is thus considered a function of humanity in any given society. In terms of human rights, natural law exponents are of the view that some rights are inherent and/or universally cognizable through human reason. This view was especially used in the formulation of common law. Enthusiasts of common law, therefore, mainly concur with this school of thought. The positivist view refers to a school of thought of jurisprudence and philosophy of law that largely developed in and around nineteenth-century Europe. Scholars agree that the base of legal positivism is the tenet that â€Å"In any give legal system, the legality of any norm and subsequent acceptance as part of the law in the said system is dependent on the norm’s source and not its strengths. The exponents of the school, in contrast with those who support the natural law, are of the view there is very little significant connection between morality and law. Positivists make some unique claims regarding what is and should be considered legally valid. Leslie Green, one of the most celebrated positivists, was convinced that a society can be correctly said to have a legal system if and when it has laid down structures of legal authority not when it dispenses justice or observes the ideals of democracy or the rule of law. The laws being enforced in such a system are highly dependent on whatever social standards the government officials recognize as being authoritative. Positivism, therefore, recognizes the authority of whatever has been posited as law. Positivism considers the law a social construction. Law and economics is a school of thought with its origins from the Benthamite jurisprudence.  

Original Marriage Polygamy Essay Example for Free

Original Marriage Polygamy Essay Once referred to as the â€Å"original marriage† Polygamy is now an alternative lifestyle lived by many, but is it right? There are multiple countries around the world that believe that this is in fact an applicable way of living. The Origins of polygamy are extremely vast and are practiced all over the world. However, in the United States it is illegal, yet there are many knowing individuals who still partake in this style of living. It is reported that â€Å"there are 40,000 people living in polygamous families or communities across the Western region of the U. S† (Scharnberg Brachear, 2006). Should these people be prosecuted? Or are we as Americans pre judging a lifestyle that we know nothing about? In this paper, I will discuss what polygamy is, the controversies surrounding polygamy in the United States, and how polygamy emerged and extended through various cultures and religions globally. In addition, I will further explain if it is still practiced, and if so, is it accepted and acknowledged by their creed. Polygamy consists of three forms; they are polygyny, polyandry, and group marriage. Polygyny is the practice of having more than one wife at the same time. This was the original name for polygamy during the ninetieth century, it later became known as polygamy. The second form is polyandry which is the act of having many husbands at more than one time. Of the three, this practice is rare; it was traditionally practiced among Tibetans in Nepal and parts of China. The final form is group marriage (also referred to as circle marriage) this is the act of multiple women and men forming a single family. All members of the marriage share parental duties of any children they may have or will be created within their circle. Many practitioners feel that they are misunderstood and misjudged and feel that a monogamous relationship is ultimately impossible to maintain and that polygamy is a culture that is honest and upfront with each other. Amy Kaufman believes that â€Å"The most prevalent objection to polygamy is that it demeans women†. (Kaufman, 2005) It is also argued to be another form of slavery where children are at risk every day because in many cases they are conditioned to embrace a life of servitude. In any event, Polygamy still exists and is practiced around the world. All though there aren’t many cases surrounding polygamy it is a severely controversial topic. In the United States it is difficult to prove that polygamy is of existence. Even though polygamy is considered a crime, Individuals are rarely charged because it is extremely difficult to encourage polygamist or ex polygamist to come forth. Many of them are scared of being barred from their community or even prosecuted for admitting that they’ve partaken in polygamy. Unfortunately, without any choices of their own, children are born in to polygamy and the mental damaged is already done. They see nothing wrong with underage marriage, pregnancy and incest. There are several controversies surrounding this topic one of which is organized under aged marriages. In the case of the State of Utah vs. Holm’s Suzie Stubbs was married to her husband Rodney H. Holm in 1986. Holms a member of the fundamentalist church of Jesus Christ of latter day saints participated in a marriage ceremony (while still married to his first wife) with 16-year old Ruth Stubbs. Ruth claimed that she was forced into marrying her sister’s husband. Suzie Stubbs was later arrested; all though she wasn’t charged for polygamy she was charged with abetting bigamy and illegal sex. One of the largest custody cases in the United States history was the Texas polygamist custody case. It initiated with a 16-year old girl repeatedly calling an abuse hotline, claiming to be beaten and forced to become a â€Å"spiritual wife† to an adult man. Acting on her calls Texas Child welfare services removed all 439 (ranging in ages from infants to teenagers, and teenage mothers) children from the Yearning for Zion Ranch. The children were placed in foster care until the state Supreme Court ruled. It was later detected that the phone calls were fake. The children were later returned to the ranch. Arguably one of the most controversial polygamy cases in the United States was Warren Jeff’s. Warren Jeff was the president of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of latter day saints (FLDS) from 2002- 2007. Separating themselves from mainstream Mormonism, the FLDS group decided to continue monogamy since Utah denounced Polygamy in 1890. They began building residential structures in El Dorado, Texas, Colorado City and Arizona. Unlike Islamic belief, In Africa women are not given the authority to decide whether they’re husbands can have multiple wives. In Africa, polygamy is used to show a man’s wealth and it is also utilized to display a man’s virility and need for sexual satisfaction. Men can also accumulate wives as a result through inheritance. In the unfortunate event of a husband’s passing his brother would take over his household which includes his wife. In instances where there are multiple wives, they would be distributed among the remaining brothers. There is a lot of resentment between the wives. With hopes to eliminate one another many of the wives performed witch craft on each other. The children are put against each other, and in some severe cases, are encouraged to kill their father with the hopes of inheriting his wealth and status. In ancient India, Polygamy was mainly among warrior’s castes and rich merchants, while the sages and seers were strictly monogamous or completely celibate. Although it was never a popular practice in ancient India, It was accepted for the procreation and continuation of family lineage. Polygamy in ancient India was considered a matter of personal choice. Several Hindu gods were often depicted as polygamous. It was noted that lord Krishna had 16,108 wives. It was tradition that the women in Hinduism never be left alone with males. Similar to African polygamy, in the event of her husband’s death she must marry her husband’s brother. The Hindu law books later made provisions on polygamy. Present day Hindus consider both polygamy and polyandry archaic and inadequate and no longer practice the belief. In conclusion, whether your views on polygamy are positive or negative, it appears to be a lifestyle that will always exist. Polygamy is a culture that is practiced globally. Initially the reasoning was solely for procreation. It has later become a religious tenet, and a matter of choice. It is arguably compared and associated with gay and lesbian marriage rights. Many polygamists feel that they are being stripped from their right to live freely. However if â€Å"living freely† involves sexual assaulting minors, and secluding their young from civilization, then maybe polygamy should stay illegal in the United States.

Reasons to Ban Cloning :: essays research papers

Cloning is defined as the process of asexually producing a group of cells, all genetically identical, from a single ancestor (College Library, 2006).† Cloning should be banned all around the world for many reasons, including the risks to the thing that is being cloned, cloning reduces genetic differences and finally it is not ethical. Almost every clone has mysteriously died even before they are born. First of all, â€Å"Australia’s first cloned sheep appeared to be healthy and energetic the day she died, during the autopsy they could not find the cause (Castro, 2005).† There are many risks to cloning and you are seldom able to identify the cause of their death. â€Å"More than 90% of cloning attempts fail (Human Genome Program, 2006).† Most cloned animals died mysteriously even before they were born or when they were very young, so there is hardly any information on how clones age. Clones may be born with a normal looking body but may have internal functioning problems. â€Å"Cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders (Human Genome Program, 2006).† There are many risks of cloning and a major factor is genetic differences. Secondly, â€Å"the most the human race has to loose by playing around with cloning is that the genetic diversity would be lost (Andrea Castro, 2005).† Reducing the genetic differences will produce clones that are grossly overlarge, many animals will be born with genetic mutations, and there will be a higher â€Å"risk of disease transfer (Saskaschools, 2003). â€Å"A review of all the world's cloned animals suggests that every one of them is genetically and physically defective (Leake, 2002).† Mutations will be passed on to the younger generation because if a cloned species has a mutation in their DNA this mutation will be passed on. Cloning has been linked with diseases of ageing, arthritis and, cancer. Last of all, Cloning is not ethical, many religious groups look down upon cloning and think it’s not proper because they think it’s like playing God. Many scientists were mainly thinking about cloning animals and, most likely, humans in the future to harvest their organs and then kill them. â€Å"Who would actually like to be harvested and killed for their organs?† â€Å"Human cloning exploits human beings for our own self-gratification (Dodson, 2003).† A person paying enough money could get a corrupt scientist to clone anybody they wanted, like movie stars, music stars, athletes, etc (Andrea Castro 2005),† whether it be our desire for new medical treatments or our desire to have children on our own genetic terms (Dodson, 2003).

Changing the Scope of Practice for All Nurses

Changing The Scope Of Practice For All Nurses October 21, 2012 Changing The Scope Of Practice For All Nurses The Institute of Medicine and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has proposed many changes take place in the field of education for nurses to assist in the Affordable Care Act to be a full success in transforming health care.They have published the report â€Å"The Future of Nursing Leading Change Advancing Health† recommending that the scope of practice for all nurses which include the registered nurse, advance practice nurse, certified nurse anesthetist, and the certified nurse midwife to be able to practice at their education and skill level through continuing competencies. Now it is up to all nurses to decide if changing the scope of practice for nurses is a good or bad idea. This paper will show how changing the scope of practice will enable nurses to care for their patient more effectively.Nurses are going to have to step up to the plate, and show the whole world how important nursing is to providing health care to all people. And for the Affordable Care Act to truly change the health care system to better help the people and communities of the United States, the scope of practice for nurses will need to change to better meet the needs of the public. Education The Institute of Medicine report encourages nurses who graduate with an associate degree to continue on with their education to at least the baccalaureate level. Nurses at the baccalaureate level are then encouraged to continue on to the masters or doctorate degree.The different foundations and the federal government introducing funding opportunities and scholarships to students trying to find ways for schools and government to further nurse’s education to higher level to be more affordable (â€Å"The Future of Nursing† 2010. p. 177). It is important to stress the need to gain nurses with the knowledge to teach our future nurses. Nurses will also need to be involved in co ntinuing education and continued competencies. Where nurses stay up to date with current practice and can demonstrate knowledge and skill in the practice (â€Å"The Future of Nursing† 2010. . 202). Also, equipping nurses with the skills and knowledge to take care of patients of today, who have more comorbidities than ever before. Equipping nurses with the knowledge and skill to not only preform the competency but understand the how and why it works, which will be a key factor in transforming health care. One proposal is that â€Å"Interprofessional education of physicians, nurses, and other health professionals, as well as new methods of improving and demonstrating competency throughout one’s career†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"The Future of Nursing† 2010. p. 165).This will allow better communication, collaboration, and respect between everyone involved in patient care. The Institute of Medicine also discusses different ways to make nurses continuing their education mo re affordable. Primary Care The way primary care nurses deliver care to patients will change if the report by the Institute of Medicine is adopted. Most of the changes will affect the advanced practice nurses, by allowing them to practice to their full potential of knowledge and skill level. They will be able to take care of patients without having to have a physician on the premises or overseeing their work at all times.The Institute of Medicine gives an example where in Philadelphia there is a nurse managed health care center. This center is run by Nurses, Nurse Practitioners, and Social Workers. Other health care professionals help when needed like nutritionists, physicians, and others when needed. Places like this would be able to serve areas where there is little to no physicians available to meet the health care needs of the people who live there. Leadership By reading the report, â€Å"The Future of Nursing Leading Change Advancing Health†, it describes how important n urses are becoming stronger leaders for the future advancement of nursing.With all the changes coming with the Affordable Care Act, this report recommends that nurses need to be playing a large contributing roll in the development of policies to maintain patient centered health care, making sure that health care is accessible to all, and is affordable. Stronger leadership skills can be developed through continued education. By nurses moving on to higher degree education, they are thus developing the leadership skills they will need to work more cohesively with others both in the health care field and out. Nurses need to be playing a role in all aspects of policy making.From working in the hospitals and communities as advocates for patients which is defined as â€Å"The nurse is demonstrating the value of other-centeredness to advance the health of an individual† (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p. 80). Nurses will need to sit on boards both in the hospitals and in the public sector, legislating to political officials, and even possibly holding a political office themselves. It is going to take all nurses to make a change from nursing students to advance practice nurses, educators, and nursing organizations leadership (â€Å"The Future of Nursing† 2010. p. 221-251). Goals for PracticeFor the nursing scope of practice to change effectively, it will have to start in nursing school. Nursing students will need to start aiming toward a goal of higher education. Knowing they will need to be better prepared with the gained knowledge of continuing on to a baccalaureate, masters, or doctorate degree in nursing to be able to take care of the ever increasing health care needs. Nurses will need to maintain their knowledge and skill level for up to date practice through competency based learning throughout their career. They will need to be the future leaders in and out of the nursing profession.Each nurse knowing that nursing consists of many different aspects, maki ng sure to help in the advancement of all future nurses. Some nurses choose to go into the clinical field, community nursing, education, advanced practice, research, legislation, specialty associations, and many more to further nursing profession and health care. In conclusion, by changing the scope of practice for nurses, they will be able to deliver patient care that matches their knowledge and skill level. This will allow more health care professionals mainly nurses, to practice in areas that have lacked sufficient health care providers to meet the needs of the public.The public will benefit from having nurse practitioners available in rural, suburban, and urban areas where physicians are scarce. Thus the public will have access to affordable, high quality health care to all who are in need.References Creasia, J. , & Friberg, E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations the Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. (5th ed. , p. 80). Retrieved from http://pageburstls. elsevier. com/books/978 -0-323-06869-7 The Future of Nursing Leading Change, Advancing Health (2010). Retrieved October 13, 2012, from http://www. iom. edu/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health. aspx.

My Hometown

My Hometown Good morning ! My name is Quang Ngoc. I come from Vu Ban district which is to the south of Nam Dinh. I am living with my parents and my sister, . In my free time , reading book and speaking English are my hobbies. Today I am here to tell you about my hometown. Firstly, Nam Dinh province is my home town. It is small but peaceful and beautiful and situated in the south of the Red River Delta. It is surrounding up by some others neighborhood province in the region such as Ha Nam, Thai Binh on the north and northeast, Ninh Binh on the west, the East Sea with 72km long coastlines. pic] Now let me take you to travel around Nam Dinh city first. The city is about 90 km southeast of Vietnam's capital,  Hanoi. From Hanoi, it takes you an hour and a half to go there by a coach. If you are sick of cars, you can go by train. Nam Dinh railway-station is a big one in the North-South railway network, so it is very convenient for you to choose a trip. Nam Dinh is a political, economic, cultural, commercial center of the Red delta. It used to be called the textile city and it was recognized as the first municipality last year [pic]Traveling around Nam Dinh city is simple and convenient. There are many different vehicles you can use such as: bus, taxi, motorbike,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"xich lo†, bicycle. Two large rivers passing away Nam Dinh city are Red River and  Dao  River  . The two rivers play an important role in river traffic and development of Nam Dinh in the long run. [pic] [pic] Nam Dinh is famous for  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ph? †. Besides, you can enjoy many other specialties:  gai cake,  Ng? banana,  Siu Chau candy†¦ If Hanoi has 36 old streets, Nam Dinh has also 40 ones  , for example,  Hang Vang, Hang Bat, Hang Nau, V? Man†¦ But now most of them don’t exist and trade traditional products like before. These small and old streets are on the bank of  Dao  River  and contain peculiar pi'kju:lj? /rieng bi? t shape which is related t o 750-year-developing history of Nam Dinh city. Some streets still keep their initial i'ni l/ name such as:  Hang Ti? n, Hang C? p, B? c Ninh, Hang Thao, Hang D? ng, Hang S? t†¦ The rest of them are changed name into: Hai Ba Trung, Hoang Van Th? †¦ They are always crowded, busy and are important parts of Nam Dinh center.Nam Dinh city is also called  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thanh Nam†Ã‚  and it has many handicraft villages, tourist potential and rich in many historical, cultural sites and many tourist attractions. If you are keen on religious and culture, I will take you to the Tran relic, the tower Pagoda, Co Le Pagoda, Keo Pagoda (Hanh Thien), Phu Day Relic†¦ [pic] Nam Dinh is also the hometown of many Generals and martial /'m? : l/ vo heroes as well as the hometown of many writers and poets like Tran Te Xuong (Tu Xuong), Nguyen Binh   [pic]The Tran dynasty was the most flourished /flourish hung th? nh, th? nh vu? ng in Vietnamese feudal /'fju:dl/ . Tr? n Hung D? o statue is placed in front of 3-2 Square and in the bank of V? Xuyen Lake and this is also a place where many important events are held. [pic] Phu Day relic located in Kim Thai commune, Vu Ban district is the worship of Princess Lieu Hanh, one of four immortal gods of Vietnam (Saint Tan Vien, Thanh Giong, Chu Dong Tu and Princess Lieu Hanh) Located in the Red River Delta, Nam Dinh has a long tradition culture.This cultural treasure ‘tre / kho bau is derived di'raiv/b? t ngu? n t? from the lives of residents, was developed in various forms and activities such as folk songs, writing, water puppetry/'p? pitri/, song festivals, xam †¦ and many other traditional games†¦ [pic] Many people enjoy going to Xuan Thuy National Park on their weekend. it situated in Giao Thien Commune, Giao Thuy district. It is an ecological tourist destination for those who are interested in learning wildlife and migratory /mai'greit? ri/ di tru birds.It was selected as a door stop of thousands of migr atory birds with a lot of varieties and species fly to the south in the winter of last November from the lunar calendar and return in late February, in early March every year. The forest is home of many species of birds, sea cat, fish, shrimp, fish, crabs, snakes, clams, and oysters. Coming to Xuan Thuy National Park, visitors will be lived in the vast spaces of the earth and sky, cloud, breathing fresh air, watching birds. The first feeling when you wake up in the morning here is quiet, fresh and peaceful.You seem to give up all noise, hurry and being tired of modern life behind. So it is really ideal place to rest and relax. Nam Dinh doesn’t have as many tourist attractions as Hanoi, but it brings special characteristics which nowhere has. Imagine that you come to Nam Dinh one day, walking in small streets with red-rice-flowers bloomed gorgeously, enjoying specialties of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thanh Nam†Ã‚  and listening to the whistle from the weaving company in the hurry of city every sunset, you would certainly feel fret and regretted when leaving! [pic] [pic]Nowadays, government and inhabitants in Nam Dinh is trying to build and decorate our city more and more beautiful and attractive. Many projects are also being carried out such as:  Hoa Xa industrial park,  L? c Vu? ng  and Th? ng Nh? t  new urban areas, a 700-bed-hospital of the South Red River Plain zone†¦ Nam Dinh is in the developing line, and it definitely must become the worthy center of Red River Delta in the future. Our youth generations who were born and grew up in Nam Dinh are always proud of our hometown with all the most respectful sentiment /'sentim? nt/.Whenever I go and stay, I won’t never forget my hometown where I have my family and relatives. It is kept deeply in my heart †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. â€Å" South or west, home is best† I love my hometown. I want to be come Viet Nam talented people to help my homeland more beautiful and powerful. I am delighted th at you will come to visit my hometown. My Hometown Good morning ! I am †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I come from Vu Ban district which is to the south of Nam Dinh. I am living with my parents and my sister, . In my free time , reading books and speaking English are my hobbies. Today I am here to tell you about my hometown.Nam Dinh is small but peaceful and beautiful and situated in the south of the Red River Delta. It shares the borders with some neighborhood provinces such as Ha Nam on the north, Thai Binh on the northeast, Ninh Binh on the west and the East Sea with 72km long coastlines. Nam Dinh city is a political, economic, cultural and commercial center of the Red Delta. It used to be called the textile city and it was recognized as the first municipality mju:,nisi'p? liti/ last year Now let me take you around the city.. From Hanoi, it takes you an hour and a half to go there by a coach. If you are sick of cars, you can go by train. o it is very convenient for you to cho ose a trip. Traveling around Nam Dinh city is simple and convenient. you can travel by bus, taxi, motorbike,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"xich lo†, bicycle. Nam Dinh is famous for  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ph? †. Besides, you can enjoy many other specialties:  gai cake,  Ng? banana,  Siu Chau candy†¦ If Hanoi has 36 old streets, Nam Dinh has also 40 ones  , for example,  Hang Ti? n, Hang D? ng ,†¦ They are always crowded, busy and are important parts of Nam Dinh center. Nam Dinh city is also called  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thanh Nam†. It has many handicraft villages, tourist potential and rich in many historical, cultural sites.If you are keen on religious and culture, I will take you to the Tran relic, the tower Pagoda, Co Le Pagoda,†¦ Nam Dinh is also the hometown of many Generals and heroes as well as the hometown of many writers and poets like Tran Te Xuong (Tu Xuong), Nguyen Binh   The Tran dynasty was the most flourished in Vietnamese feudal /'fju:dl/ . Tr? n Hung D? o statue is pl aced on the bank of V? Xuyen Lake and this is also a place where many important events are held. Phu Day relic located in Kim Thai commune, Vu Ban district is the worship of Princess Lieu Hanh, one of four immortal gods of Vietnam.People come here to pray for luck. Many people enjoy going to Xuan Thuy National Park . It is situated in Giao Thien Commune, Giao Thuy district. It is an ecological /,ek? ‘l? d? ik/ tourist destination for those who are interested in learning wildlife and migratory /mai'greit? ri/ birds. The forest is the home of many species of birds, fish, shrimp, †¦ Coming to Xuan Thuy National Park, you will live in the open spaces breathing fresh air and watching birds. The first feeling when you wake up in the morning here is quiet, fresh and peaceful.You seem to give up noise, hurry and being tired of modern life behind. So it is really ideal place to rest and relax. Nam Dinh doesn’t have as many tourist attractions as Hanoi, but it brings special characteristics which nowhere has. Imagine that you come to Nam Dinh one day, walking in small streets with red-rice-flowers , enjoying specialties of  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Thanh Nam†Ã‚  . you will never forget it when leaving as people are friendly and hospitable. Nowadays, government and inhabitants in Nam Dinh is trying to build and decorate our city more and more beautiful and attractive.Many projects are also being carried out such as:  Hoa Xa industrial park,  L? c Vu? ng  and Th? ng Nh? t  new urban areas†¦ Nam Dinh is in the developing line, and it will become the worthy center of Red River Delta in the future. Wherever I go and stay, I always miss my hometown where I have my family, friends and relatives. It is the sweetest, loveliest and best place for me It is kept deeply in my heart . One proverb says â€Å" South or west, home is best† I want to become a talented/good Vietnamese people to help my homeland more beautiful and powerful. I am delighted that y ou will come to visit my hometown one day.Conversation Questions Hometowns Where are you from? What is the name of your town? Where is it? Do you like it? Why or why not? What's your hometown like? What is the population? Is your hometown famous for anything? Do you hope that someday your hometown would be world famous for something? What could it be famous for? What is the best thing about your hometown? How long have you lived in your hometown? Do any other of your family members also live in your hometown? Where did your maternal and paternal great-great-great grandparents live or come from?Has your hometown changed a lot since you were a kid? If so, how? Have the changes been for the better or worse? Can I visit your hometown on the Internet? Do your childhood friends still live in your hometown? If not, where are they now? Does your hometown have any festivals? When are they? What happens at that festival? What's there to do in your hometown? Tell me why I would enjoy visiting your hometown. When is the best time to come to your hometown? Tell me why I should visit your hometown. What interesting city lies to the north, south, east, west of your hometown?What are some things in your hometown that are part of history? What does your hometown produce? What is the worst thing about your hometown? What is the geography of your hometown? (i. e. beach, mountains, etc. ) What are the main attractions in your hometown? What are the main economical resources in your hometown? Can you describe the main geographical features of your hometown? After you graduate do you want to live in your hometown? Why or why not? If you could live anywhere else, where would you like to live? Is your hometown growing? Is this a good or a bad thing?How do you see your hometown growing in the next 20 years? Does your hometown have a college or university? Does your hometown have a shopping mall shopping? Does your hometown have antique shopping places? Where is the best place to get a reasonably priced, but delicious meal in your hometown? What is the best season in your hometown? What is the average yearly rain fall for your hometown? What is the average temperature in winter time? (summer time? ) Does it snow in your hometown? These small and old streets are on the bank of  Dao  River  and contain peculiar pi'kju:lj? /rieng bi? shape which is related to 750-year-developing history of Nam Dinh city. Some streets still keep their initial i'ni l/ name such as:  Hang Ti? n, Hang C? p, B? c Ninh, Hang Thao, Hang D? ng, Hang S? t†¦ The rest of them are changed name into: Hai Ba Trung, Hoang Van Th? †¦ Located in the Red River Delta, Nam Dinh has a long tradition culture. This cultural treasure ‘tre / kho bau is derived di'raiv/b? t ngu? n t? from the lives of residents, was developed in various forms and activities such as folk songs, writing, water puppetry/'p? pitri/, song festivals, xam †¦ nd many other traditional games†¦ Quest ions Traffic Accidents †¢ Have you ever seen a traffic accident? †¢ Have you been involved in a traffic accident? †¢ Do you know someone who has been involved in a traffic accident? †¢ Have you been injured in a traffic accident? †¢ Do you think talking on cell phones can help cause traffic accidents? †¢ Do you think a motorcycle rider should be required to wear a helmet? †¢ Do you think a person should be required to wear a seat belt? †¢ What kind of insurance do you have on your car? †¢ Have you ever hit an animal at night when you were driving your car? What kind of safety features in a car would help you if you had a traffic accident? †¢ Are traffic accidents a major cause of death in your country? †¢ Who dies in traffic accidents more? Young? Old? Children? Boys? Girls? †¢ How can traffic accidents be prevented? †¢ What are people not doing that they should to prevent deaths in traffic accidents? †¢ What are you not doing that you should to prevent deaths in traffic accidents? †¢ What should be done in order to prevent traffic congestion in your city? †¢ How do you feel about spending time in rush hours?

A geographical area where one or more languages are endangered. The WritePass Journal

A geographical area where one or more languages are endangered. Introduction A geographical area where one or more languages are endangered. IntroductionBibliographyRelated Introduction The geographic area that will be discussed in t his case study is Japan and the language that is endanger is Ainu language. The word Ainu means â€Å"human† in the Ainu language; Ezo, or Yezo, in old Japanese; or Utari, which is now called by many academics. The Ainu people, are ethnic group of native Hokkaido, from the northern part of Honshu which is in northern Japan, the Kurite Islands, much of Sakhalin, and the Southern most third of the Kamchatka peninsula. Although the accurate number of the Aniu population is not available, as it is common for the Ainu to deny being Ainu, due a long history of segregation by Japanese people.   It is estimated that there are currently 23,782[1], although figures could be doubled or even tripled[2]. Thus there is an endangering decline in the Ainu population. The origin of the Ainu is very controversial as there is no existence of any written proof of Ainu language or where it originated. Moreover, the Japanese government does not distinguish the Ainu as separate people from the Japanese, which also makes it difficult to accurately state where it originated from and the current Ainu population. In addition, to the fact as stated above Ainu are reluctant to admit their indentify to prevent discrimination, from the Japanese government. The native are also knows as   Ezo, and it is suggested that their history goes back to about 1200 CE. As like other primitive cultures throughout the world, the Ainu culture has encountered problems with the modern culture of Japan, it   clashed to an extent that the Japanese government did not acknowledge and sought to eliminate it. The Ainu are know for their   trading contact with the Japanese during the Tokugawa Period (from 1600-1868). They were originally a hunting-and-gathering society, who also focused on fishing. The Ainu culture is noticeably different from the Japanese, there are several unique customs, for example the men never trim their beards or shave after certain age, and the women have tattoos just above the mouth are common. The traditional religion is a type of animism, which symbolises their hunting and gathering nature. It is thought by many scholars that the Jomon are in fact the Ainu or at least descendents from the Jomon people. Studies conducted Ainu using DNA samples suggests there is a similarity between Jomon and Ainu.[3] Furthermore, it is also believed that there is a connection between Ainu and the Polynesians that they have a common origin and belong neither to the Caucasian nor to the Mongolian race, although they possess some characteristics of both the Ainu and the Polynesians had a common, ancient ancestry. There appear to be common cultural elements that have persisted despite the different influences the north has suffered. Studies have proven a strong resemblance between Philippines, Indonesia, and Melanesia and Ainu   which is evident by the general culture, their clothing, handcraft, household implements, weapons, ornament, religious ceremony and cult suggests there is a strong link. Although there are indications that a large number of Ainu lived in the southern part of the Russian peninsula called Sakhalin, the northern part of Honshu on the main island of Japan called Tohoku, and the Kurile Islands, the main part however inhabited the Ainu is Hokkaido. The Ainu who lived in Russia were forced by the Russian government to move into Hokkaido, others who lived in Kurile Islands died as a consequence of poverty, bad conditions which eventually lead to diseases. Peter Geiser, who is a professor of Sociology, suggests that Ainu may have migrated from the south and reached Honshu. Mongoloid also migrated to Honshu from Korea, thus the Ainu and Mongols have mixed in blood, and so the Ainu may have Mongoloid characteristics. Also it is believed that Ainu ancestors may have also been placed in Southeast Asia. As a consequence of the discrimination and oppression suffered, the Ainu were not a group that   were able to stuck together , as result divided to three groups: 1) the Kurile Ainu, who lived on the Kurile Islands in present-day eastern Russia; 2) Sakhalin Ainu, who were habitants of   northern Sakhalin Island now known as eastern Russia; and 3) Hokkaido Ainu, who lived on Hokkaido and southern Sakhalin Island. Therefore there are three main dialects of the Ainu language; Hokkaido-dialect, Sakhalin-dialect, and Kurile-dialect there is a big difference between the Hokkaido-dialect and the other two dialects. None of these Ainu tribes have letters or characters; as a result there is no written record of the Ainu language available today. The Ainu language, culture customs and life is endangering of vanishing as, the population is rapidly diminishing as result of discrimination, which forced them to migrate. This resulted in the Ainu being forced to assimilate with the Japanese by the Former Aborigine Protection Law enacted in1899, which prohibited expressions of Ainu culture, native language and forced to take Japanese names. However, a law enacted in 1997 that gave the Ainu official status as Japan’s original inhabitants, recognized their language and culture and gave them the legal right to be different changed this. From then on the Ainu were recognised by the Japanese government the Ainu the language was acknowledge as the language of aboriginal Japanese people on Hokkaido Island, north of Japan. Separate from the Japanese language, however spoken before Japanese, which in some ways is a modern version of the Ainu language. Although, there is an acceptance of the language it is still significantly in decli ne as currently almost all of the Ainu speak Japanese. Ainu is an endangered language, as it is currently moribund, meaning that there are not many children who are native speaker as it is not taught in schools .It has been estimated that there are currently fewer than 100 speakers of Ainu. However, there is an internal movement for the revival of the Ainu language, which denied there is a decline in the number of native Ainu people, which led to the Ainus increased marginalization. Only recently, on June 6, 2008, did the Japanese officially recognize the Ainu as an indigenous group and repeal the act of 1899. Even so the Ainu is an almost extinct language of Japan. It is thought to have been the language of the ancient Jomon culture. It is further believed that the Jomon Continued to be practiced by people who fled from the invading pressures to have become the Ainu language eventually. In the process, the old Japanese would have adopted some of the Jomon traditions, such as place names, person names, stories and expressions. Biological studies also suggest that the Ainu people are closer to the people who form European nations. Linguistically, the Ainu language has similar syntax structure to Japanese, but differs in the use of pronouns used as verbal prefixes. It is considered by some linguists that the Ainu language is a distant family of the Finno-Ugric subgroup of Ural-Altaic language group. There are studies suggest that the Ainu people are probably a branch of a group of people who originally came from the North Ural mountains, and spread from Finland to Northeast Siberia between 700 BC to 700 AD[4]. This is from the cultural religious similarity found in old ruins, but culture can be transferred by contact of people, so the origin of Ainu people is still not known for sure. However, until the twentieth century, Ainu language was also spoken during the Southern half of the Island of Sakhalin also minor people in the Kuril Islands. It became used as a lingua franca in the Kuril Islands. However, by the first decade of the twentieth century the language ceased to be spoken on Kuril Island, it was only spoken on the Sakhalin island as a lingua franca between the local language and also between the local administrative and Japanese fishing industries. However, the language gradually started to disappear, in 1949 there was only 100 reported speaker in Sakhalin island which by the late twentieth century the last remaining speaker of the Sakhalin island had died. Furthermore, Ainu language in global context was no usually accepted in part with any other family language. However, Ainu is an isolated language as history suggests it is language from a group that has never need accepted in society, which is one of the reasons why it is difficult to state their origins, as it was almost a taboo to speak the language. Thus the reason why it is concerned an isolated language. According to  Ã‚   John C. Street (1962), Ainu, Korean, and Japanese are the same descendants and Turkic, Mongolic, and Tunngusic other group, the difference between the two families is like in a common â€Å"North Asiatic family†. However, Ainu is a declining language, and has been endangered for at least the past few decades. The Ainu language is known as a moribund language, which has been endangered for at last a few decades. The remaining 25,000 ethnic Ainu only speak Japanese as a consequence of the assimilation.   In the town of Nibutani (part of Biratori, Hokkaid) where there is remaining native speakers live, there are 100 speakers, out of which only 15 used the language every day in the late 1980s. However, use of the language is on the rise. There is currently an active movement to reinstate the language mainly in Hokkaid and to increase the number of speakers as second-language learners, especially in Hokkaid. There is no doubt the Aniu language has over time suffered enormous decline, what sociolinguists refer as a language shift[5]. As a consequence of the discrimination the Ainu’s people suffered especially at the hands of the Japanese, although to a certain extent there has been attempts to ratify through the activism of the Ainu people in 1986, which was a result of the statement made by the Japanese prime minister that the Japanese people are mono-ethnic. This provided members of the Ainu association with the will power to fight to have their rights legalise and to have their own language. However, it is doubtful as to the exact number of Ainu speaker today, as stated above much still fear discrimination and still is reluctant to say they are Ainu. The Law stated above was aimed at preservation and maintain of Ainu language and culture was published in 1997. In theory it is still a declining language, customs, even though they have been legally recognized the Japanese government is still reluctant to recognize Ainus right to be Ainu and prohibit the existence of Ainu language and culture from being discriminated. Presently in Japan there are many centres, foundations and societies devoted to reinstating and promoting of Ainu language and Ainu culture, but all they are just half measures, as all they do is provide awareness of the language.   They do not deal with the fact that the language is significantly declining this something that only autonomy resolve this problem. It is time for the Japanese and the Russians to accept their links to the Ainu and to no longer see them as an inconvenient for Japanese colonization as well as for Russian. Although, there is a significant decline to the point that the language is considered endangered it should not be forgotten that the Ainu still exist and they have much more rights to be the owner of so-called northern territories and should no longer be oppressed and ashamed to be a Ainu. The answer to this may lay in the ‘Northern territories being handed back to the Ainu as only then will they have a sense of belonging, which in term will preve nt them from being oppressed and ashamed. Bibliography Books Mark Janse – (2003) Current issues in linguist theory, language death, and language maintenance – Benjamin publishing Llc Books (2010)|Endangered Unclassified Languages: Ainu Language, Yukaghir Languages, Kwaza Language, Ongota- general publisher Fishman, Joshua A. 1991. Reversing Language Shift. Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. Shibatani, M. 1990, The Languages of Japan, Cambridge University Press, Volumes 4-5 p.155 Journals Chew, John J. The Significance of Geography in Understanding the Relationship of Japanese to other Languages. In Irmela Hijiya-Kirschnereit and Jurgen Stalph, eds. Bruno Lewin zu ehren: Festschrift aus Anlass seines 65. Geburtstages, Band I Japan: Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaftliche Beitrage. Bochum: Universitatsverlag Dr. N. Brockmeyer, 1989. Maher and Yashiro (eds.) Multilingual Japan, (pp. 103_124). .. Zentella, A.C. (1995) Towards an anthropolitical linguistic perspective on language shift and International Journal of Bilingualism, Vol.1, Number 1, 81-10 Online resources: www.factanddetails.com http://users.tmok.com/~tumble/jpp/japor.html www.japantimes.co.jp

Synonymy Definition and Examples

Synonymy Definition and Examples Pronunciation: si-NON-eh-mi Definition: The semantic qualities or sense relations that exist between words (lexemes) with closely related meanings (i.e., synonyms). Plural: synonymies. Contrast with antonymy. Synonymy may also refer to the study of synonyms or to a list of synonyms. In the words of Dagmar Divjak, near-synonymy (the relationship between different lexemes that express similar meanings) is a fundamental phenomenon that influences the structure of our lexical knowledge (Structuring the Lexicon, 2010). Examples and Observations The phenomenon of synonymy is a central interest for both the semanticist and the language learner. For the former, synonymy is an important member of the theoretical set of logical relations existing in language. For the latter, there is a good deal of evidence to suggest that vocabulary is often best acquired by analogy, in other words, remembered as being similar in meaning to previously acquired forms... In addition, what we might term definition through synonym is a central feature of most dictionary organisation (Ilson 1991: 294-6). For motives of stylistic variation, non-native learners and translators have a pressing need to find lexical alternatives to express a particular concept, especially in writing. Harvey Yuill (1994) found that searches for synonyms accounted for over 10 percent of dictionary consultations when learners were engaged in a writing task. However, given the rarity of absolute synonymy, learners also need to know which of the particular synonyms given by dictionaries and thesauruses is the most suitable for any given context.(Alan Partington, Patterns and Meanings: Using Corpora for English Language Research and Teaching. John Benjamins, 1998)​ The Productivity of Synonymy - The productivity of synonymy is clearly observable. If we invent a new word that represents (to some extent) the same thing that an existing word in the language represents, then the new word is automatically a synonym of the older word. For example, every time a new slang term meaning automobile is invented, a synonym relation is predicted for the new slang term (say, ride) and the standard and slang terms that already exist (car, auto, wheels, etc.). Ride does not need to be inducted as a member of the synonym set- no one has to say ride means the same thing as car in order for the synonym relation to be understood. All that must happen is that ride must be used and understood to mean the same thing as car- as in My new ride is a Honda.(M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon. Cambridge University Press, 2003)Synonymy, Near-Synonymy, and Degrees of Formality - It should be noted that the idea of sameness of meaning used in discussing synon ymy is not necessarily total sameness. There are many occasions when one word is appropriate in a sentence, but its synonym would be odd. For example, whereas the word answer fits in this sentence: Cathy had only one answer correct on the test, its near-synonym, reply, would sound odd. Synonymous forms may also differ in terms of formality. The sentence My father purchased a large automobile seems much more serious than the following casual version, with four synonymous replacements: My dad bought a big car.(George Yule, The Study of Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 1996) Synonymy and Polysemy - What defines synonymy is precisely the possibility of substituting words in given contexts without altering the objective and affective meaning. Inversely, the irreducible character of the phenomenon of synonymy is confirmed by the possibility of providing synonyms for the various acceptations of a single word (this is the commutative test of polysemy itself): the word review is the synonym sometimes of parade, sometimes of magazine. In every case a community of meaning is at the bottom of synonymy. Because it is an irreducible phenomenon, synonymy can play two roles at once: offering a stylistic resource for fine distinctions (peak instead of summit, minuscule for minute, etc.), and indeed for emphasis, for reinforcement, for piling-on, as in the mannerist style of [French poet Charles] Pà ©guy; and providing a test of commutativity for polysemy. Identity and difference can be accentuated in turn in the notion of partial semantic identity.So polysemy is defi ned initially as the inverse of synonymy, as [French philologist Michel] Brà ©al was the first to observe: now not several names for one sense (synonymy), but several senses for one name (polysemy).(Paul Ricoeur, The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies in the Creation of Meaning in Language, 1975; translated by Robert Czerny. University of Toronto Press, 1977)

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Reflection - Essay Example The three key dimensions in performance expectation include disciplinary core ideas, engineering practices and crosscutting concepts, which will make students successful. Most importantly, NGSS shows more clearly how the integration should occur. Though integration at the lowest grade levels certainly is the most challenging, there are instructional resources that can be used to achieve an interactive orientation. Teachers should actively use the shifts in the NGSS for them to understand them better. The biggest challenge however, is how science and engineering can be integrated into a lesson. This should be the number one problem that requires a solution. To be highly beneficial, the implementation of the changes has to be grounded in the science education vision as outlined in the Framework (NRC 2012) with careful planning and support. A deeper understanding of the framework should be of utmost importance as opposed to rushing through ideas. A comprehensive plan should be developed in consideration of the phases in capacity building before the implementation deadline. The way in which assessment is to be done too has to shift in order to meet the NGSS requirements. The development, approval and implementation of new national and state assessments should take enough time to ensure the assessment is to give the best test to students. Despite the above challenges, the new standards will certainly revitalize science education quality and is also going to be highly supported to bring about a modern outlook of science education. The opportunity should not be squandered by rushing through implementation prematurely. Neither should it be given light treatment while thinking of the shifts as minor, worrying that they cannot be implemented or waiting for the whole system’s components to change. Careful planning together with careful execution is sure going to ensure